TY - JOUR T1 - Ex vivo genome-wide RNAi screening of the Drosophila Toll signaling pathway elicited by a larva-derived tissue extract JF - Biochem Biophys Res Commun Y1 - 2015 A1 - Kanoh, Hirotaka A1 - Kuraishi, Takayuki A1 - Tong, Li-Li A1 - Watanabe, Ryo A1 - Nagata, Shinji A1 - Kurata, Shoichiro KW - Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing KW - Animals KW - Antigens, Differentiation KW - Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides KW - Cells, Cultured KW - drosophila melanogaster KW - Drosophila Proteins KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Genes, Reporter KW - High-Throughput Screening Assays KW - Immunity, Innate KW - Larva KW - Luciferases KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - Receptors, Immunologic KW - RNA Interference KW - Signal Transduction KW - Staphylococcus saprophyticus KW - Tissue Extracts KW - toll-like receptors AB - Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), so-called "danger signals," play important roles in host defense and pathophysiology in mammals and insects. In Drosophila, the Toll pathway confers damage responses during bacterial infection and improper cell-fate control. However, the intrinsic ligands and signaling mechanisms that potentiate innate immune responses remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a Drosophila larva-derived tissue extract strongly elicits Toll pathway activation via the Toll receptor. Using this extract, we performed ex vivo genome-wide RNAi screening in Drosophila cultured cells, and identified several signaling factors that are required for host defense and antimicrobial-peptide expression in Drosophila adults. These results suggest that our larva-derived tissue extract contains active ingredients that mediate Toll pathway activation, and the screening data will shed light on the mechanisms of damage-related Toll pathway signaling in Drosophila. VL - 467 IS - 2 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26427875?dopt=Abstract ER -