Cell Lines
The most commonly used Drosophila cell line is probably the Schneider 2 (S2) cell line, which was derived from embryos. Another popular choice for screening at the DRSC-FGR is the S2R+ cell line. But there are many other options.
What cells you choose will affect:
- Your assay, as different lineages are appropriate for different biological assays
- Your protocol, as many cells take up dsRNA in solution (bathing method) but others require the addition of a transfection agent for efficient up-take
- Your results, as different cells express different sub-sets of genes.
- Keep in mind that it's possible to customize an existing cell line with one or more transgenic construct (via transient transfection or production of a stable cell line). This is useful to monitor transcriptional activation, to track the sub-cellular localization of a tagged protein, and more.
Need Cells?
We do not serve as a repository and distribution facility for fly cell lines. That role is served by the Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (Bloomington, IN). We encourage researchers to reach out to the DGRC for cel lines. For RNAi screen specifically, please feel free to contact the director about cel llines. One lab's "S2" (or other) cell line may not be identical to another lab's version. We encourage researchers to use same-origin cells for RNAi screens. This helps cross-experiment analysis, including analysis of RNAi screen datasets here at the DRSC and cell line data generated as part of the modENCODE project.
Be sure to visit our CRISPR modified cell lines page, where you can view a list of GFP-tagged cell lines useful for low- and high-throughput studies.
The Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) in Bloomington, IN, USA, maintains and distributes many Drosophila cell lines, in addition to posting protocols. In addition, FlyBase maintains a list of resources for fly cells.
This paper has useful information about cell line karyotypes (see Table 1): Williams BR, Bateman JR, Novikov ND, Wu CT. Disruption of topoisomerase II perturbs pairing in drosophila cell culture. Genetics. 2007 Sep;177(1):31-46. PubMedID: 17890361
New, mutant, and GFP-tagged cell lines
The Drosophila RNAi Screening Center (DRSC) is collaborating with the Simcox Lab (Ohio State Univesrity) and the Bellen Lab (Baylor College of Medicine) to make new cell lines, knockout mutant cell lines, and knock-in GFP-tagged cell lines. Please contact the Director for more information. We deposit validated cell lines to the DGRC for distribution to the community.
See also: https://fgr.hms.harvard.edu/crispr-modified-cell-lines
Additional information
The cell lines in the table below are commonly used for cell-based screens. S2, S2R+ and Kc cells in particular are popular choices (see Screen Summary).
"Wild type" Drosophila cell types commonly used in screens.
Line |
Origin |
Received from |
Reference |
Characteristics |
Schneider's Line S2 - (S2) |
Dissociated embryos, near hatching (Oregon R) |
Invitrogen |
Schneider, 1972 |
hemocyte-like gene expression, phagocytic, semi-adherent in colonies, round, granular cytoplasm |
Schneider's S2 - (S2*) |
Dissociated embryos, near hatching (Oregon R) |
Maniatis |
hemocyte-like gene expression, phagocytic, semi-adherent in colonies, round, granular cytoplasm |
|
Schneider's S2 - (S2C) |
Dissociated embryos, near hatching (Oregon R) |
Cherbas |
hemocyte-like gene expression, semi-adherent in colonies, round, granular cytoplasm |
|
Schneider's S2 - (S2-R+) |
Dissociated embryos, near hatching (Oregon R) |
Yanagawa |
Yanagawa, S. et al,1998 |
hemocyte-like gene expression, phagocytic, adherent, flat cells; Fz+ and Wg-responsive |
Schneider's S2 - (DL2) |
Dissociated embryos, near hatching (Oregon R) |
Peter Christian |
hemocyte-like gene expression, phagocytic, adherent monolayer of uniformly round, smooth cells |
|
Schneider's Line S3 |
Dissociated embryos, near hatching (Oregon R) |
Cherbas |
Schneider, 1972 |
adherent, spindle-shaped cells, ecdysone responsive, grow in clumps |
Kc (Kc 167) |
Dissociated embryos, 8 - 12 h (F2 ebony x sepia) |
Cherbas |
Echalier and Ohanessian, 1969 |
hemocyte-like gene expression, phagocytic, uniformly round, clump in sheets, ecdysone responsive into adherent, bipolar spindle-shaped cells |
l(2)mbn |
3rd instar larvae tumorous hemocytes, (l(2)malignant blood neoplasm) |
Maja Petersen |
Gateff et al, 1980 |
larger cells, larger granular, complex cytoplasm, phagocytic, aneuploid, heterogenous size and shape |
ML-DmBG2 |
Dissociated 3rd instar larvae brain and ventral ganglia (y v f mal) |
Ui et al, 1994 |
acetylcholine, HRP expression, neuronal-like processes |
|
ML-DmBG6 |
Dissociated 3rd instar larvae brain and ventral ganglia (y v f mal) |
Ui et al, 1994 |
acetylcholine, HRP expression, neuronal-like processes |
|
clone 8 |
3rd instar larvae wing imaginal discs |
Peel et al., 1990 |
columnar epithelial, adherent, will form multiple layers, conserved signaling pathways |
References cited in the table
- Echalier, G. and A. Ohanessian. C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D. 1969 Mar 31;268(13):1771-3.
- Haars R, Zentgraf H, Gateff E, Bautz FA. Virology. 1980 Feb;101(1):124-30.
- Peel DJ, Johnson SA, Milner MJ. Tissue Cell. 1990;22(5):749-58.
- Schneider I. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1972 Apr;27(2):353-65.
- Ui K, Nishihara S, Sakuma M, Togashi S, Ueda R, Miyata Y, Miyake T. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1994 Apr;30A(4):209-16.
- Yanagawa, S., J.S.Lee, A. Ishimoto. J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 27;273(48)